Imputation (statistics). deck
- There is also an imputation disambiguation page.
In statistics, imputation is the substitution of some value for a missing data point or a missing component of a data point. Once all missing values have been imputed, the dataset can then be analysed using standard techniques for complete data. The analysis should ideally take into account that there is a greater degree of uncertainty than if the imputed values had actually been observed, however, and this generally requires some modification of the standard complete-data analysis methods. While many imputation techniques are available, two of the most commonly used are hot-deck imputation and regression imputation.
Hot-deck imputation fills in missing values on incomplete records using values from similar, but complete records of the same dataset. (The term “hot deck” dates back to the storage of data on punch cards, and indicates that the information donors come from the same dataset as the recipients; the stack of cards was hot because it was currently being processed. Cold-deck imputation, by contrast, selects donors from another dataset.)
Since standard analysis techniques do not reflect the additional uncertainty due to imputing for missing data, further adjustments (such as multiple imputation or a Rao-Shao correction) are necessary to account for this.
Imputation is not the only method available for handling missing data. It usually gives better results than listwise deletion (in which all subjects with any missing values are omitted from the analysis), and may be competitive with a maximum likelihood approach in many circumstances.
External links
- Missing Data: Instrument-Level Heffalumps and Item-Level Woozles
- Multiple-imputation.com
- Multiple imputation FAQs, Penn State U
- pdf A description of hot deck imputation from Statistics Finland.
- pdf Paper extending Rao-Shao approach and discussing problems with multiple imputation.
Related
- DECK Quote | DECK Stock Price | DECKERS OUTDOOR CP Stock Quotes The Motley Fool - Get quotes on DECKERS OUTDOOR CP (DECK). Also browse the Fool's expert articles and commentary on DECKERS OUTDOOR CP (DECK).
- deck plans by Decks USA All Deck, Gazebo and Porch designs, shown on our Website or the Deck Design CD-ROM, include complete Construction Plan Packages, and can be purchased safely
- Deck design, planning, and building - Decks Colorado Landscaping professionalyl installed by our client sets off this stylish and moderately sized custom deck. This Deck placed and our company received an
- MySpaceTV: Search Results for Tag "deck" Upload and share videos, find and watch funny clips, vote and comment on your favorites, subscribe to online video channels, add cool videos to your MySpace
- deck@Everything2.com In skateboarding your deck is the first step in purchasing your skateboard. When you go looking for a deck you want to look for the following things:
- deck: Definition and Much More from Answers.com deck (ship) A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull of a ship . On a boat or ship , the primary deck is the horizontal structure.
- Welcome to the Deck Industry Association Web Site The Deck Industry Association Web Site is the most important web site on the planet for information on decks, suppliers, and manufacturers of deck products.
- Review: Deck keyboard As you may have noticed, the Deck has a laptop-style keypad-less layout. Good for those on the move, short of space or frightened by high key counts;
- Patio Deck Does a patio deck sound likean oxymoron? After all, aren’t patios supposed to be paved, grounded surfaceswhile decks are raised and wooden?
- Truck Accessories from Armor Deck: Including Auto, Truck, SUV and For truck accessories and auto or car accessories, visit Armor Deck for all of your automotive aftermarket accessory needs.
- Deck Design | Do It Yourself Construction | Building a Deck | Steps Free guide to do-it-yourselfers in deck construction and design. This introduction to deck design and building focuses on the basic steps.
- The Upper Deck Company: Sports Trading Cards, Authentic Producer of major sports trading cards. Offers tips on collecting, card checklists, athlete search, hologram database, memorabilia registry, trade and hobby